Apparatus for generating and utilizing motive fluids.



E. & W. H. TAYLOR. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING M TIVE FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 9. 1911.

1,241,780. Patented 001;. 2,1917.

I1 SHEETS-SHEET l- E. KI W. H. TAYLOR.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING MOTIVE FLUIDS. APPLICATION FILED 0019. 1911.

1,241,780. Patented Oct. 2,1917.

I1 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

E. & W. H. TAYLOR.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING MOTIVE FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 9. I91].

1 ,241 ,780. Patented Oct. 2, 1917.

I I SHEETS-SHEET 3.

E. & W. H. TAYLOR.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING MOTIVE FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 9. 191:.

1,241,780. Patented Oct. 2,1917.

I1 SHEETS-SHEET 4- Q \Y|m||m\ I) E. 6: W. H. TAYLOR.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 9. I9Il.

Patented Oct. 2, 1917.

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il III [III w NWM E. & W. H. TAYLOR. APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING MOTIVE FLUIDS. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 9. 1911.

1,241,780. Patented 001;. 2,1917.

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E. 6L W. H. TAYLOR.

APPARATUS roa GENERATING AND UTILIZING MOTIVE FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 9. 19H.

1 I SHEETS-SHEET l.

Patented Oct. 2, 1917.

@9143 np poeo of AiiLlCATION FILED OCT. 9. I911.

Patented Oct. 2, 1917.

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APPLICATION FILED OCT. 9. I9II. 1,241,786. Patented 0m. 2,1917.

II SHEETS-SHEET 9.

E. 81 W. H. TAYLOR.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING MOTIVE FLUIDS. APPLICATION FILED OCT. 9. IBM.

1,241,780.. Patented Oct. 2, 1917.

8 II sHEETS-sHEET I0. '1

E. & W. H. TAYLOR. APPARATUS FORGENERATING AND unuzmc MOTIVE FLUIDS.

APPLICATION FILED 0019,1911. 1,241,780. Patented Oct. 2,1917,

ll SHEETS-SHEET H.

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JMMJ/L WM UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWIN TAYLOR, OF BROOKLYN, AND WILLIAM H. TAYLOR, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,

ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO TAYLOR-HUBBARD COMPANY, A COR- PORATION OF NEW YORK.

APPARATUS FOR GENERATING AND UTILIZING MOTIVE FLUIDS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Oct. 2, 1917.

Application filed October 9, 1911. Serial No. 653,608.

the city of New York, borough of Brooklyn,

county of Kings, and State of New York, and WILLIAM H. TAYLOR, of the city of New York, borough of Manhattan, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus for Generating and.

Utilizing Motive Fluids, of which the following '18 a full, clear, and exact specification, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and usethe same.

This invention relates to apparatus for thedgeneration and application of motive One object is the production by economical means of motive fluid capable of all the uses to which motive fluid can be applied, for example expansively in an engine or other prime mover, or for heating purposes.

Another object of our invention 1s to provide an apparatus for generating motive fluid for operating a prime mover or for heating purposes, or both, which apparatus embodies self-contained operating means which is itself operated by the motive fluid thus generated.

Another ob ect is to provide means whereby a portion of the motive fluid is diverted for use in the operation of the apparatus, and thereafter joined with the main body of the fluid, for utilization at the point at which the fluid is designed to be ultimately used.

' Another object is to provide an apparatus for the production of motive fluid of hi h temperature at any desired pressure, for t e heating of buildings, steam tables, bake ovens, and many other purposes.

Another object is to provide apparatus whereby the motive fluid is very quickly generated and the pressure or temperature, or both, readily raised or lowered within a very short space of time to meet varying conditions.

. Another object of our invention is to provide apparatus which is applicable .to the generation of power to almost any desired amount, and which may be quickly increased or decreased in amount to suit varying conditions.

Another object is to provide means Whereby a portion of theproducts of combustion are utihzed to aid in such combustion and generation of the motive fluid.

Another object is to provide apparatus whereby hvdrocarbon materials may be used n the production of said motive fluid which it has hitherto been impossible to use in ordinary engine practice.

Another object is the production of such motive fluid under such conditions that the hydrocarbon materials used are entirely consumed.

Another object is to provide means wherebysuch consumption of fuel, whether solid, liquid or aseous is eifected with the greatest thermal e ciency.

These objects are attained by means of apparatus which is economical both in construction and operation.

The apparatus which we have provided for accomplishing these objects, comprises, (1) a motive-fluid generating chamber, of which we show two forms, one of which may be employed when large horse-power is required: in each form, however, there is employed the principle of projecting into a closed generating chamber a heat developing jet and a heat absorbing jet, which are led into the chamber in the form of cones and in such relation one to the other that they form an approximately circular plane of impact constituting a common cone base, this being due to the impacting of one jet against the other in a-plane at right angles to their axes, the diameter of said circular plane of impact being less than the diameter of the generating chamber, the compressed air by which they are brought into the generating chamber not only effecting the atomization of the materials composing the jets and furnishing the oxygen necessary to the combustion of the h drocarbon materials comprising the fuel jet, but likewise governing the formation and action of both ets: (2) a combined air compressor and pump, operated by by-passing by means of and around a suitable reducing valve a portion of the motive fluid from the generating drawings, in which,

chamber to the air compressor, which, in turn compresses air for use in the generating chamber and pumps the fuel and water necessary to the operation of said chamber: (3) a new and improved reducing valve, the function of which is to maintain a higher pressure on the generator side of said valve than on the other and thereby allowing a portion of the motive fluid to perform work in the compressor and escape by a slight expansion to the low pressure side of the reducing valve there meeting the main body of gas and vapor, also slightly expanded: (4) a condenser of any suitable form, in which the useful products of combustion, after performing their function as a motive fluid in an engine or other heat utilizing device, are condensed to form distilled water for use in the generator: (5) connections between the several elements uniting the entire apparatus into one complete operative unit and so arranged that a maximum amount of heat is developed and retained in said apparatus.

All of the foregoing recited objects and the apparatus for accomplishing the same V will be made clear by the following description, in connection with the accompanying Figure 1 is a front elevation of the entire connected apparatus, partly diagrammatic;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of same;

Fig. 3 is a View partly in front elevation and partly in vertical longitudinal section of the generating chamber;

Fig. 4 is a vertical cross section on line 44 of Fig. 3, with parts removed;

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section on line 5-5 of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a front elevation from the righthand side of the part shown in Fig. 4;

Fig. 7 is a cross section on line 77 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 8 is a sectional detail of a peep-hole plug, shown in elevation in Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a section showing the fuel and compressed air feed for the generating chamber;

Fig. 10 is a front elevation showlng a modified form of generating chamber for high-power plants, and suitable for variable loads;

Fig. 11 is a view largely diagrammaticto illustrate the action of the heat developing and heat absorbing jets in the generating chamber;

Figs. 12 and 13 are similar views illustrating the action of those jets in a generating chamber such as that shown in Fig. 10;

Fig. 14 is a horizontal section on line 1414 of Fig. 2;

F ig. 14" is a longitudinal section through the center of the motive fluid valve casing on line 14?14 of Fig. 14;

Fig. 14 is a cross section on line 14"-14" of our improved reducing valve, through the center thereof;

Fig. 18 is an end elevation on line 18-18 of Fig. 17 with the cap removed;

Fig. 19 is an elevation with said cap in place; and

Fig. 20 is-an elevation at the end opposite that shown in Fig. 19.

In Figs. 1 and 2, the apparatus is shown as secured to a side wall 2 by means of a supporting side plate 3 and the screw bolts 4. 5 indicates in whole a closed generating chamber the construction of which is more clearly shown in Fig. 3. It comprises a central annular holding member 5, formed preferably as a single casting, which is provided with a plurality of threaded inner surfaces 5", 5, 5, 5. Secured to each end of the annular holding member 5 are a plurality of inner cylindrical shells 6, 7, the inner ends of which are threaded to engage the threads 5", 5 thereof. Also secured to said holding member 5 are a plurality of cylindrical shells 8, 9, having their inner ends threaded to engage the threads 5", 5

The outer portions of the shells 6, 7, 8, 9, are shaped to form heads 10, 11 and are provided with apertures for the reception of liquid and fuel injecting nozzles 12, 13. The casings 6, 8, and 7, 9, are spaced apart to form on the one side a water jacket 14 and on the other side an insulating chamber 15 the said water jacket being supplied through a water inlet pipe 14, the connections to the source of supply of which will be hereinafter referred to. The insulating chamber 15, is preferably provided with some suitable heat-insulating material such as mineral wool, asbestos or the like.

The front side 15 of the annular holding member 5 is bellied out to provide space for a discharge chamber of crescent-like in order t plug 21 toward the middle thereof, and at this point of approximately greatest widththe wall 15 is provided with a central orifice 16, through which the gases make their escape from the chamber 15 we thus afford means for the esca e of a maximum amount of the gases in t e generating chamber at a minimum velocity through the primary outlet said primary outlet being made of relatively great length at the gases may be taken off uniformly from as wide a circumference as possible, from the primary outlet the gases being led into the discharge chamber and thence into the secondary outlet 16. This construction is especially designed to avoid to the greatest possible extent the distortion of the heat developing and heat absorbing jets at'their circular plane of impact in the generating chamber, and its utihty will be more readily apparent when we come to consider hereafter the action of those jets.

The holding member 5 of the generating chamber is apertured and provided with a blow-oft cock-17, and the outer wall 9 is apertured and provided with a cock 18, the former to drain oil from the interior of the chamber any water or other liquid which should accumulate therein through accidental leakage or otherwise, and the latter to drain the water jacket whenever it should become desirable so to do.

The liquid injecting nozzle 12 comprises a nozzle casin 19, which is exteriorly threaded at 19 or the rece tion of an internally and externally threa ed nipple 19 to which are secured internally threaded lock nuts 19, 19, 19, which hold in vplace and properly space apart the heads of the shells 6, '8. Said nozzle casing 19 is also internally threaded at 20 to receive the threaded end of a jet former 21, which is provided with an inwardly converging wall 21 and a lateral extension thereof 21". The casing 19 is bored longitudinally to provide a cylindrical air chamber21, and is alsosimilarly bored to form a water chamber 21, through the latter of which projects a cone valve indicated at 21", which is controlled by the valve stem 21', provided with circular guide lugs 21 sliding on the walls of the water chamber 21, and held in place by the threaded Said valve has a cone-shaped surface and is adapted to seat on an inverted cone valve seat 21, being controlled by the hand wheel 21.

Compressed air is admitted to the compressed air chamber 21 through the supply pipe 22, the source of supply for which will be hereinafter referred to. chamber 21 is normally supplied with water or other fluid, from the water jacket 14, through the ipe 22, having a connection with the liquid chamber 21 at 22 and the It will be seen that- The liquid liquid so admitted passes over the surface of the cone valve 21 and is atomized by theinrushing compressed air, passin 1nto the interior of the generating cham er in the form of a finely divided spray or mist.

The fuel injecting nozzle 13 the construction of which is more particularly illustrated in Fig. 9 comprises a cylindrical nozzle casing 23, which is secured to the head of the shells 7, 9, by the internally and externally threaded nipple 23, and lock nuts 23", 23, 23. Within the casing 23 is a cylindrical wall or inner casing 24, which is spaced from the outer casing 23 to form a compressed air chamber 25, to which air is supplied by means of a pipe 26 which pipe also supplies, through the b -pass pipe 27, compressed air to a secon ary compressed air chamber 28 formed by a cylindrical valve casing 29, the outer end of which is beveled as at 30 to form a seat for a cone valve 31, carried by the stem 32 and guide 33. Said valve and stem are preferably formed in one integral piece, theguide 33 being provided with a series of longitudinal parallel grooves 34, and with an annular reduced portion indicated at 34 serving as a circular fuel distributing groove, the outer edge of which forms a continuation of the cone surface 31. Said longitudinal grooves 34 are also in communication with the interior of the casing 29, which forms a fuel chamber 35, to which and through the grooves 34 the liquid fuel is supplied by means of the pipe 36. The valve 31 is controlled by the hand wheel 37. The valve seat 30 of the valve 31 is so beveled as to form a tight joint when it is desired to completely close the nozzle. The outer end of the casing 24, is beveled at 24 in such a manner that said beveled edge is always to' some extent open the space therebetween being increased or decreased as de- 1 sired by the movement of said valve. The casing 23 is threaded near its outer end to receive an exteriorly threaded annular choke piece 38, havin a jet directing surface, the function of which is to modify the angle of the jet issuing from the nozzle 13. The position of said choke piece, and conse-' qilllently its modifying effect, may be readily c anged by screwing v or unscrewing the choke piece inwardly or outwardly as desired. Fuel is supplied from the fuel pipe 36 to the oil chamber 35, whereina quantity /of fuel is held at all times, and therefrom is led through the grooves 34 to the distributing grooves 34 and thence to the cone surface of the valve 31 whereon the same is evenly distributed, in position to be atomized and blown therefrom by the air supplied from the atomizing chamber 28 said air forming, through the a erture between the surface 24 and the sur ace of the cone', an atomizing jet. The oil on the cone surv ing surfaces for a face is held thereto in a uniformly distributed very thin body until it reaches the end of the cone when it is torn therefrom and minutely atomized forming a liquid fuel jet, the action of which however is modified by the course of the compressed air jet supplied by the scavenging air chamber 25, the direction of which jet is governed by the choke piece38. It will be seen that we not only provide, in addition to an atomizing air chamber and atomizing air jet leading therefrom for atomizing the oil, a supplemental scavenging jet, surrounding the atomizing jet, which not only modifies the direction of the fuel jet but also serves to supply oxygen to the outer layers of the fuel jet which, in the absence of the scavenging jet, would be in contact with the cooler gases coming from the impacting jets, which gases would dilute the air required for combustion of the fuel particles comprising the fuel jet and would retard, if not entirely, prevent combustion; in other Words the scavenging jet serves as an insulating barrier between the outer layers of the burning fuel jet and the chemically inert and cooler products of combustion; as the soavengingjet supplies oxygen on all sides of the heat developing jet heat is developed instead of absorbed. Furthermore this supplemental air of the scavenging-jet not only serves to absorb some of the heat which at such high temperatures could not be used, but being capable of subsequent expansion forms an important part of the motive fluid which is generated in the generatin chamber and is transmitted therefrom or use externally as desired.

The annular holding member 5 of the generating chamber is further provided with a circular aperture 39, the Walls of which are threaded at 39 to receive the threaded end of a valve bonnet 39 which is provided with an outlet 39 and a series of valve guides 39 spaced apart, which, with a horizontal cap-piece 39 and a vertical extenlsion 39 ofthe bonnet serve to act as bearpiston valve 39*, whose stem projects through an aperture in the cap-piece 39, 39 and is provided cam lever 39, the cam extension of which is adapted to bear against the upper flat surface of the bonnet extension 39 (being held in position by a collar 39) and when operated by means of the handle 39 is adapted to raise the valve off its seat thereby opening to the atmosphere or relieving t e pressure inside the generating chamber. The valve 39 is normally held to its seat by means of a coiled spring 39*, one end of which rests against the upper end of the bonnet extension 39', and the other end of which bears against an adjusting nut 39, which is internally threaded and engages threads on the valve stem as, indicated at ing 42, which is likewise through the bonnet extension at its upper end with a nally threaded to receive an externally.

threaded plug casing 41, which is provided with a cylindrical opening, the lower portion of the Walls thereof being threaded at 41 to receive an externally threaded bushcentrally bored to receive a circular sheet of transparent material such as mica, or the like, indicated at 42 the outer periphery thereof being received within a horizontal groove in the inner Wall of the bushing 42, said transparent sheet 42 against pressure from within by a series of cross bars 43, 43 43", the ends thereof being secured in the wall of said bushing.

The inner surface of the plug casing 41 is provided with an interrupted thread to receive and hold a removable breech-block plug 44, similarly threaded as indicated at 44*, the latter being operated by the hand Wheel 44". The lower surface of the plug, when secured in position, rests tightly against the upper surface of the threaded bushing 42,.so as to'secure a tight closure therebetween.

The removable plug 44 affords a convenient and ready means of viewingthe interior of the generating chamber to observe the action of the jets therein.

The annular member 5 is also provided with a removable spark plug 44 which is secured thereto by interrupted threads precisely as referred to in describing the construction of the breech-block plug 44. This spark plug 44 will be connected to any suitable source of electrical supply'for the purpose of lighting the fuel jet within the generating chamber, and if for any reason the electric current should fail, the manner of connection affords a ready means of access to the interior of the generating chamber by simply removing the spark plug and effecting the lighting operation by means of a torch.

The principle employed in our generating chamber of projecting thereinto a heat developing jet and a heat absorbing jet in the form of cones, and so as to form an approximately circular plane of impact, is-well illus trated in Figs. 11, 12, 13, the former of which is more especially directed to a construction wherein a single heat developing jet and a single heat absorbing jet are employed.

Referring particularly to Fig. 11, the horizontally shaded portion indicated at 45, shows the heat absorbing jet, the lines 45, indicating the line of projection and and the vertically shaded portion indicated being secured in place,

jet and the lines 46*, 46", indicate the line of projection and expansion thereof under action of the atomizin air jet and scavenging air jet, the latter eing indicated by the horizontally shaded ortion 47. It will be observed that, as indicated at 48, a plane of impact is formed approximately circular in form and concentric with the axes of the cones 45, 46 of which said plane of impact 48 forms a common base. The angle of inclination of the entering jets must be so proportioned, one to the other, as to secure this result of a common base for the resultant cones, it being evident that if such angles were equal and the mass of the material comprising the heat absorbing jet were equal to that of the heat developing jet such a result could not be reached, and therefore the jets and materials used must be so proportioned one, to the other as to properly balance at the point of meeting constituting the cone base. Assuming that liquid fuel is led into the generating chamber through the chamber 35 and thence to the cone-shaped valve 31 and is blown therefrom and atomized by compressed air admitted through the chamber 28, the normal tendency of the atomized fuel would be to the position indicated by the dotted lines 49", 49 but the compressed air admitted through-the scavenging air chamber 25 which is taken from an air supply common to both chambers, deflected by the choke piece 38 picks ,up the fuel and air jet, and causes it to take the position indicated -by the lines 46, 46 the direction of said scavenging jet being adapted to be changed or modified as occasion may require by screwin inwardly or unscrewing outwardly the C110) piece 38. The result of the im pacting of the heat developing jet and heat absorbing jet is that the extremely "high temperature of the heat developing jet is,

partly absorbed by the minute particles comprising the heat absorbin jet, so that the-latter is converted into a iighly superheated vapor at the instant of impact and answering the law of resultant. forces the commingling gases and vapors are driven from the plane of impact in a series of swirls and with a rotary motion which carries them away from the oncoming particles succeeding them in their positions within the respective jets. The result of the action is that adjacent the periphery of the plane of impact or what we have referred to as the common base of the jet cones, there will be present on each side thereof a ring of commingling gases and vapors, said ring being formed by the gases traveling with a vortex or smoke ring movement, from which ring portions of the gases are constantly being taken off on all sides of the cone between its periphery and the walls of the generating chamber, some portions Of which gases w ll be drawn directly to the outlet indicated at 16, other ortions of which will take positions in ot er parts of the generating chamber, outside, however, in large measure, the jet cones and aided so by the scavenging air jet, which, traveling with a greater velocity than the gases last referred to, tends not only to afford a barrier therebetween but also said scavenging jet and the fuel particles infolded thereby being heavier than the referred to gases tend to deflect the gases therefrom, in accordance with the law of inertia governing heavier and li hter bodies and preventing the mixing 0 the materials of the jets with the gases resulting from combustion.

These gases, which are at a cooler temperature than the materials of combustion also serve to form an aqueous vapor or blanket between the highly heated fuel jet and the water jacket of the generating chamber, thereby not only preventing direct contact with and damage to the walls of the generating chamber by the extremely high heat emanating from the fuel jet but, preventing to a considerable degree, said heat being radiated and conducted through the walls of the water jacket, thereby retaining in said aqueous vapor heat units which would otherwise be lost through the walls of the water jacket.

While it might appear at first glance, that, as the Iparticles of materials comprising the heat a sorbin jet are of greater specific gravity than t e particles of materials comprising the heat developing jet, the one would overbalance the other so as not to form what we have herein referred to as a plane of impact, yet it is to be borne in mind that this difference in specific gravity is made u by the difference in velocity with which t e two jets travel to their point of meeting, since 1t is self evident that even though the amount of air admitted to both jets were the same, (which however is not the case), the velocity of the heat developing jet is very greatly enhanced by the combustion of the particles comprising this jet and the attendant liberation of large volumes of heated gases with what may perhaps be properly termed an explosive effect, since their course is from the point of lower combustion to that of higher combustion; in addition to this however is the added force in our apparatus of what we have termed the scavenging jet. Thus the product of the velocity and mass of the partic es of the heat absorb ng jet and the product of the velocity and mass of the heat developing jet are so balanced that it is readily seen how the circular plane of impact to which we have referred is brought about. Furthermore it has been shown by experiment that this plane of impact ma be varied within wide limits longitudinal y of the generating chamber by simply varying the velocities and the amounts of the materials comprlsing the respective jets.

The radiant heat from the fuel et 1s extremely hi -h reaching between six and eight thousand degrees Fahrenheit, therefore, we

rovide the water jacket herein before referred to and indicated at 14, on that side of the generator. The other side of the generator, containing the heat absorbing jet is not at nearly as high a temperature and to provide against heat losses through the generating chamber walls, we provide the insulation herein before referred to indicated at 15.

The motive fluid, comprising a mixture of the gases resulting from the combustion of the hydrocarbon materials of the heat developing jet and the super-heated vapor resulting from the contact of the heat absorbing jet with the heat developing jet, is led through the outlet 16 of the generating chamber into a main 50 and through it to a point therein at Which, through a by-pass pipe 51, a portion of the motive fluid is led to an air compressor to be hereinafter referred to, and beyond which point the main body of the motive fluid passes to a reducing valve indicated at 52.

The construction and operation of said reducing valve will now be described, the same being more clearly represented in Figs. 17, 18, 19 and 20, the point of its application and of the by-pass pipe just referred to, being illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2.

he principal object of this reducing valve is to afford means whereby the air compressor may be operated by motive fluid from the generating chamber with a maximum economy in the use of said fluid. This operation is eifectuated through said reducing valve by reducing the pressure of the motive fluid on the delivery end of the main 50 so that that portion of the motive fluid which is used foroperating the air compressor may be exhausted into the delivery end of the main and subsequently utilized in conjunction with the main body of the motive fluid for operating a prime mover or used for other purposes, the difference in pressure between the delivery end of the motive fluid main and the generator end of said main being utilized for operating said air compressor.

The reducing valve 52 comprises a valve casing 53, having a cylindrical bore 53 for the passage of the motive fluid therethrough, and is threaded as at 53 to form a connection with the main 50. Said valve casing 53 is preferably made as one casting and is bored at 53, the walls of said bore forming a piston chamber, having an enlarged portion at 53 from which leads an exhaust passage 53 through a diagonal extension 53, the same being threaded for connection with a suitable drain pipe represented at 53 in of a coiled spring Fig. 2, the purpose of said exhaust passage 53 being to prevent back pressure against the piston presently to be referred to. The outer ends of the casing 53 are machine faced, so as to afford a tight valve-seat connection with the circular diaphragm indicated at 53*, which is supported in position by the carrier arm 53*, formed integral with and moved by the piston 53, the latter being adapted to reciprocate in the piston chamber 53. Said piston has formed integral therewith a piston arm 53 which is adapted to slide Within, and be guided by, the Walls of apertures 53, 53", the former extending through the rear face of the piston chamber 53, and the other through a perpendicular extension 54, of the valve casing 53. The forward end of the piston arm 53 is screw threaded to receive an internally threaded adjusting nut 55, one portion of which, as indicated at 56, is bored to receive one end 56 held in place by the threaded nut 56", the other end of which spring projects through an aperture in the extension 54 of the casing 53, being screwthreaded and held in place by a threaded nut 57. Secured to the valve casing 53 by bolts 58 is a valve bonnet 59, which comprises a delivery neck 60, internally threaded for connection with the motive fluid main 50 and a flanged rearward extension thereof indicated at 61, the interior walls of which form a combined diaphragm and fluid expansion chamber indicated at 62, wherein, under action of the spring 56 or the pressure'of the gases passing through said valve,

said diaphragm may be reciprocated to increase or decrease the size of the outlet from the passageway 53 to the delivery side of the valve or to entirely open or close the same. V

In normal operation, disregarding any question of pressure in the reducing valve, the force of the spring will be normally to hold the diaphragm 53 lightly in'closed position, said spring being provided more largely to overcome the dynamic force of the gases rushing through the chamber 53 and contacting with the diaphragm 53. The spring 56 will be adjusted so as to hold the diaphragm 53 in any desired balanced.

position under pressure of the motive fluid and said sprin when adjusted, in connection with the piston 53 will not only retain on the generator side of the diaphragm 53", such desired excess pressure above that which is desired on the delivery side of said diaphragm, but when so adjusted for any desired difference of pressure the valve is self acting to retain the same thereat; for example, assuming that it is desired to have the pressure of the motive fluid on the generator side of the diaphragm at 110 pounds pressure, and on the delivery side at 100 pounds, the force of the spring will be overcome by the movement of the piston 53' sufliciently to afford a passageway for the motive fluid around the diaphragm 53*, and give 100 pounds pressure on the delivery side of said diaphragm, and this position will be maintained until the pressure on the down the pressure on the delivery side of the diaphragm.

' The importance of this automatic selfgoverning pressure control valve will be more apparent when we come to consider the operation of the compressor to which we have above referred.

This reducing valve, being designed for the passage therethrough of gases in a highly heated condition, we have constructed the same in such a manner that it will be self acting notwithstanding that all of its parts are made of metal, and of those parts, the one which would be more readily afl'ected b the heat is so placed that it cannot itsel come indirect contact therewith.

As already stated, by means of the reducingvalve, a portion of the motive fluid from the generating chamber is diverted for operating the air compressor, after which that portion of the motive fluid joins the main body thereof for the ultimate use for which it is designed.

The high pressure by-passed motive fluid, is led from the by-pass pipe 51 to the motive fluid inlet of a combined air compressor and fuel and water pump, indicated in whole at 65, the construction of which is more clearly shown in horizontalv longitudinal section in Fig. 14 and will now be described.

The combined air compressor and pump 65 comprises a cylindrical body or shell 66, which is thickened, as at 66 to provide for a plurality of longitudinal steam passages indicated at 66", 66. Said cylindrical body may be formed in any suitable manner, but

-. preferably we form the same in one integral piece as a casting with the said steam passages formed therein.

At each .end of the cylindrical body 66 we provide a cylinder head indicated at 67, 68,

each of which is provided with a bore extending therethrough indicated at 67, 67", the walls of said bores being threaded to receive and support one end of a pair of tubes indicated at 69, 70, the other ends of said tubes being supported and adapted to secure in place, a fixed piston indicated in whole at 71 stationed midway the interior of the cylindrical body 66. These tubes also act as slide rods for a free piston indicated in whole at 72, and also act as inlet and delivery tubes for fluid admitted to and discharged from the compressing chambers of the compressor.

The free piston 72 comprises a cylindrical body 7 3 WlllCll intermediate its ends is provided with a reduced .portion forming a clearance space 74 and, adjacent thereto a plurality of annular bearing surfaces 75 76, in which are placed outwardly expanding packing rings 77, 77, whereby a tight sliding connection is made with the interior surface of the outer cylindrical body 66. Similar packing rings 78, 78 are provided at the outer periphery of the fixed iston 71, whereby a tight sliding connect1on is made between the interior surface of the free piston and the outer surface of said fixed piston. The free piston 72 also comprises a plurality of circular heads 79, 79 the outer periphery of each of which is screw threaded for threaded engagement with the cylindrical body 73, as indicated at 80, 80, said heads being also provided at their central portions with a plurality of inwardly expanding packing rings indicated at 81, 81, secured in position by threaded washers 82, 82, said packing rings affording a ti ht sliding connection between the heads 79, 9, and the tpbes 69, 70. f

The fixed piston 71- is cored at its upper and lower centers to form a plurality of chambers 83, 84. The'*inner wall of the chamber 83 is threaded to receive and hold in place a bushing 84 which is cored internally to afford a fluid chamber indicated at 85, and provided with a downwardly extending holding arm or partition 85", the latter having lateral extensions thereof 86, 87, through bores in which extend in opposite directions valve stems 88, 89, carrying the valves 90, 91 each of which is adapted to open and close a passageway from the chamber 85 into and from the interior of the free piston 72, at each side of the fixed piston 71. The outer surface of the bushing or valve casing 84 is so cored as to form, in conjunction with similar cores on the interior surface of the fixed piston 71, an annular water chamber 92, from which lead a plurality of small apertures or water passages 93, whereby water may be admitted by suction or otherwise to the interior of the free piston 72. Communicating with the water chamber 92 is a water passage 94, to which water or other liquid may be supplied through a pipe 95 passing through the tube 69. The valve casing 84 and the fixed piston 71 are provided with a passage therethrough 96 whereby a connection is made with the interior surface of the tube 69 and the fluid chamber 85.

The extensions 86, 87 of the valve holding arm 85 are vertically slotted t receive a,

plurality of valve holding pins 94, 95", passing therethrough and through the valve stems 88, 89, suflicient clearance being provided in said slots to permit said pins to move laterally therein and said valve stems to move longitudinally. Said valves 90-9l are normally held to their seats by coiled springs encircling and secured to said stems andthe arm 85.

The inner wall of the chamber 84 is threaded to receive and hold in place an internally and externally threaded bushing 98, providedwith an upwardly extending valve holding arm 99, and lateral extensions of said arm 100101, the latter being horizontally bored to receive the valve stems 102' 103 of a plurality of inwardly opening valves 104105, the seats for said valves being indicated at 106107 comprising seating rings externally threaded and thereby secured within the bushing '98. The said valves 104-105 are normally held in closed position by means of a plurality of coiled springs in the valve stem bearings.

The interior of the bushing 98 communicates with a vertical passage 107, which, in turn, is in communication with the interior of the tube 70, whichtube affords a discharge outlet for fluid compressed in the compressing chambers. Lubricating liquid may be supplied to the valve stems 102-103 by a pipe 108 passing through the tube 70, the outer end thereof being connected to any suitable source of lubricant supply.

It will be observed that the heads of the free piston 72 divide the interior of the outer cylinder 66 into four chambers indicated at 109, 109', 110, 110*, each of which is of constantly varying dimensions in the operation of the apparatus, the former of which it will be proper to designate as compressing chambers; and the latter of which will be referred to as motive chambers, since the free piston is driven by motive fluid admitted to said chambers at the outer ends of the free piston, as hereinafter described.

Each of the cylinder heads 67, 68, is cored out in its upper portion to provide a steam passage 111, 111*, each of which passages is in connection with and forms a continuation of the steam passages 66, 66. The heads 67, 68 are also provided with stufling boxes 112, 112", through each of which, and through each of said heads projects a tappet rod 113, 113", said tappet rods being adapted to be reciprocated by the heads 79, 79 of the free piston 72. The tappet rods 113, 113 are connected by yokes 114, 114 to a connecting rod 115, the ends of which are slidingly supported in bearings 116, 116 formed by extensions 117, 117 of the heads 67, 68.

Near each end of the cylindrical body 66 is a pump indicated in whole at 118, 118 having formed thereon at the rear upper and lower sides thereof flange portions 119, for bolting the same to the compremor casing 66. Each of these pumps 118, 118 com prises a casing having a suction chamber .120, which, as more clearly illustrated in vertical section in Fig. 15 communicates with water passages 121, 122, extending upwardly through the pump'heads 123, 124, to communicate with an inlet chamber 125 and inlet port 126. Said suction chamber 120 also communicates through water passages 127, 128 with an outlet chamber 129 and an outlet port 130. The water passages 121, 122 are normally closed by outwardly opening suction valves 131, 132 and the water passages 127, 128, are normally'closed lfy inwardly opening delivery valves 133,

The connecting rod 115 passes through packing boxes 135, 136, and is secured to, and is adapted to reciprocate pump pistons 137, to draw fluid into said pump and discharge the same therefrom. On the suction stroke of the piston 137, fluid is drawn through the inlet port 126 and the chamber 125 past the valve 132 through the water passage 122 into the suction chamber 120,

and on the delivery stroke of the piston, the valve 132 is closed, the valve 134 is opened and the liquid delivered into the outlet chamber 129 and through the outlet port 130. The operation of the valves, and the suction and delivery of water, on the opposite side of the pump is the same as that just described.

p The two pumps indicated in whole at 118, 118 are the same in all respects with the exception that thepump 118 includes a liner indicated at 138, and the piston 137 being made smaller than that in the pump 118 for the reason that the pump 118 is designed to pump liquid fuel in a lesser quantity than the quantity of water which the pump 118 is designed to supply. It will therefore be unnecessary to further describe both of said pumps, since the foregoing de-' Is)cription makes clear the construction of Also secured to the forward side of the cylindrical body 66 is a motive fluid inlet and exhaust outlet indicated in whole at 139, which comprises a cylindrical casing 140 having an inlet port 141 and heads 142,142 ,rigidly secured to the member 140, and provided with packing boxes 143, 143, through which, and through said heads and the casing 140 projects the connecting rod 115, to which is fastened a piston valve 144, the latter being reciprocated by the movement of the connecting rod 115. Said valve is a balanced piston slide valve, the bearing surfaces of which conform to the circular wall of the casing 140, and is somewhat spoolshaped, provided with a round reduced p0r tion or hub 145, about which and between 140 and into the motive fluid passages 66",.

66. Itv will be seen that when the valve is in the position shown in Fig. 14 the motive fluid may pass around the hub 145 of the valve and into the motive fluid passage 66", the valve foot, 145 closing communication between the inlet 141 and the motivefluid passage 66. When however the valve is in the right hand position, the last named passage is in communication with the inlet 141 and the motive fluid passage thereto. The upper portion of the valve casing 140 is provided with motive fluid exhaust passages 148, 148 which communicate with a common outlet 149, the outlets 148, 148 being intermittently in communicationwith the passages 146, 147, dependingupon the position of the valve 144. In the position shown in Fig. 14, the passages 66 and 147 are in communication with the outlet 149, through the exhaust passage 148* and when the valve 144 is in the opposite side of the casing 140 the passages 66 and 146 will be in communication with said outlets through the exhaust passage 148. The inlet 126 of the liquid fuel ump is connected by a pipe .150 to the liquid fuel tank, indicated diallgrammatically at 151- in Fig. 1, which may e of any suitable character and in any convenient location, and the outlet 130 of said oil pump is connected by a pipe 152 with the liquid fuel nozzle 13 of the generating chamber 5. The pipes 150 and 152 are connected by'a by-pass pipe 152, provided with an upwardly opening check valve at 152 arranged also for manual openin a151d closing by means of the hand whee 1 2.

The water inlet- 126 of the water ump is connected by a pipe 153 to a con enser indicated at 154 and also by the pipe 156 toa water tank indicated diagrammatically at 155. The outlet 130 of the water pump is connected by a pipe 157 to the inlet 14 of the water jacket 14 ofthe generating chamher 5. The pipes 153, 157 are connected by a by-pass pipe 153 having an upwardly opening check valve 153 also arranged for manual opening and closing bymeans of the hand wheel 153. From the pipe 157 a bypass connection is also made by the pipe 158% the water pipe 95 within the tube 69 of the compressor body 66.

The motive fluid discharged or exhausted from the outlet 149 of the combined compressor and pump is led by the main 159 to a point of junction 160 with the main 50 on the low pressure side of the reducing valve for subsequent use in connection with the main body of the fluid passing through said valve.

The operation of the combined air compressor and pump would seem to require little description, being quite clear from the foregoing description. The motive fluid by which it is operated is led through the inlet 141 into the motive fluid passage 66", the passage 111, into the motive chamber 110, to and behind the free piston head 79, said motive fluid admission being continued and moving the free piston to the right until the outer end of the free piston head 79 contacts with the tappet rod 113, moving the vsame outwardly, thereby moving the connecting rod 115, and the valve 145 to shut off the supply of motive fluid to' the passage 66 and admitting said fluid to the passage 66 and the passage 111 to the motive chamber 110 at the opposite end of the free piston. On this movement of the free piston the air which it will be assumed had been previously drawn into the chamber 109 through the tube 69, air passage 96 and valve 90, is compressed and expelled through the valve 104, thence through the discharge chamber 107 and through the discharge tube 70.

At the same time that the air was drawn into the chamber 109 a fine spray of Water was admitted through the water chamber 92 and water passages 93 and on the compression stroke of the piston this finely divided spray absorbed some of the heat of compression and was expelled with the air thus compressed, in the form of heated vapor. On the compression stroke of the head 79, the head 79 acts to draw into the chamber 109 air through the tube 69 together with a finely divided spray of water and also acts to drive from the chamber at its outer end the exhaust fluid which previously acted as the motive fluid therein.

Thus on each movement of the free piston 72 motive fluid is admitted at one end to drive the same and is exhausted at the other end; on each movement air and water are drawn into one of the compressing chambers and air and heated water or vapor are expelled from the other; on each movement of the free piston one of the tappet rods 113, 113 is actuated to supply mot1ve fluid to one end of said piston and to exhaust such fluid from the other end; on each movement of the piston, through the tappet rods 113, 113 the connecting rod 115 is reciprocated to supply water and oil, the former for transmission to the water jacket of the generator and by the by-pass pipe 158 to spray the air compressor; and the latter to supply oil to the fuel nozzle of the generating chamber.

Itwill be understood that it is desirable that the heat developing jets and heat absorbing jets in the generating chamber should have an oversupply, rather than an under supply, of the fuel and liqu1d used therefor, and while the pumps are designed 

